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research:mao:parametric-polymorphism [2011/12/07 14:17] – minostroresearch:mao:parametric-polymorphism [2012/08/22 00:30] (current) – [StrongAspectJ in action] minostro
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 +====== Parametric Polymorphism ======
 +FIXME
  
 +  * Introduction
 +  * StrongAspectJ in action
 +  * How StrongAspectJ fails with ranges types and interfaces.
 +  * How parametric return and arguments types can ensure generic advice definition.
 +  * Examples
 +
 +
 +====== Introduction ======
 +
 +We need to introduce Type Variables and Parameterized Type Declarations in order to implement parametric polymorphism in our jpi abc compiler extension.  These characteristics will be implemented in the following constructs:
 +
 +   * jpi type declarations
 +   * exhibits clause
 +   * advice declarations
 +
 +With parametric polymorphism we can write generic aspects without burdening programmers with the current verbosity of our approach.
 +
 +Consider the implementation of the logger cross-cutting concern with the following base code:
 +
 +<code java>
 +class C{
 +   void foo(){...}
 +   Integer bar(int c, string l){...}
 +   float zoo(C a){...}
 +   Integer jar(){...}
 +}
 +</code>
 +
 +The implementation of Logger is pretty straightforward using a plain AspectJ aspect:
 +
 +<code java>
 +aspect Logger{
 +   Object around() : call(* *(...)){
 +      /* do something before */
 +      return proceed();
 +      /* do something after */
 +   }
 +}
 +</code>
 +
 +Conversely, the implementation of Logger using a JPI aspect is pretty verbose which force programmers to declare for each different join point one jpi definition.  Also, this situation lead programmers to copy/paste advices which is a error prone process.  The following is the complete implementation of both Logger aspects as well base code:
 +
 +<code java>
 +jpi void MyJPI();
 +jpi Integer MyJPIInteger();
 +jpi float MyJPIFloat();
 +
 +class C{
 +
 +   exhibits void MyJPI() : execution(void *(...));
 +   exhibits Integer MyJPIInteger() : execution(Integer *(...));
 +   exhibits float MyJPIFloat() : execution(float *(...));
 +
 +   void foo(){...}
 +   Integer bar(int c, string l){...}
 +   float zoo(C a){...}
 +   Integer jar(){...}
 +}
 +
 +aspect Logger{
 +   void around MyJPI(){
 +      /* do something before */
 +      proceed();
 +      /* do something after */
 +   }
 +
 +   void around MyJPIInteger(){
 +      /* do something before */
 +      return proceed();
 +      /* do something after */
 +   }
 +
 +   void around MyJPIFloat(){
 +      /* do something before */
 +      return proceed();
 +      /* do something after */
 +   }
 +}
 +</code>
 +
 +With parametric polymorphism, we can provide a safe and concise way to define those kind of cross-cutting concerns:
 +
 +<code java>
 +jpi <T> T MyJPI();
 +
 +class C{
 +
 +   exhibits <A> A MyJPI() : execution(A *(...));
 +
 +   void foo(){...}
 +   Integer bar(int c, string l){...}
 +   float zoo(C a){...}
 +   Integer jar(){...}
 +}
 +
 +aspect Logger{
 +   <R> R around MyJPI(){
 +      /* do something before */
 +      return proceed();
 +      /* do something after */
 +   }
 +}
 +
 +</code>
 +
 +Due that current version of abc compiler does not support Generics, we need to define new typing rules for each expression on which a Type Variable or a Parameterized Typed Declaration is involved.  Also, we need to implement a Translation algorithm which will allow us to do erasing all type parameters, mapping type variables to their bounds, and inserting casts as needed [1].
 +
 +====== StrongAspectJ in action======
 +
 +<code java>
 +aspect Logger {
 +
 + Integer around(Person p):
 + call(Integer *(..)) && args(p):  //args(Clerk-Person p)
 + Integer proceed(Clerk){
 + System.out.println(p.getName());
 + return proceed(new Clerk());
 + //return proceed(p) <-- [aspects.Person] do not match [aspects.Clerk]
 + }
 +
 +        // AspectJ around advice definition
 +        /* 
 +        Integer around(Person p):
 + call(Integer *(..)) && args(p){
 + System.out.println(p.getName());
 + return proceed(p);
 + }
 +       */
 +
 + public static void main(String[] args){
 + Clerk c = new Clerk();
 + Employee e  = new Employee();
 + Person p = new Person();
 + register(c);
 + register(e);
 + register(p);
 + }
 +
 + public static Integer register(Person e){
 + System.out.println(e.getName()+"\n");
 + return new Integer(2);
 + }
 +
 +}
 +</code>
 +
 +б<sub>advice</sub> ≤ Person -> Integer
 +
 +Clerk --> Integer ≤ б<sub>proceed</sub>
 +
 +pc = (Clerk - Person) --> Integer - Integer
 +
 +pc<sub>upper</sub> = Clerk --> Integer
 +
 +pc<sub>lower</sub> = Person --> Integer
 +
 +б<sub>advice</sub> ≤ б<sub>pc_lower</sub> ≤ б<sub>jp</sub> ≤ б<sub>pc_upper</sub> ≤ б<sub>proceed</sub>
 +
 +You mIght notice that proceed invocation does not be accomplished using the same value of the advice argument.  Instead, you need to create a new value that be type compatible with the proceed signature.
 +
 +===== Multiple path issue =====
 +
 +
 +Despite double around advice signature, it is possible get weaving time errors in StrongAspectJ.  StrongAspectJ fails shortly when interfaces are used in type ranges.  For example.
 +
 +<code java>
 +interface Item{
 + String foo();
 +}
 +
 +class EcoFriendly implements Item{
 + public String foo() {
 + System.out.println("EF");
 + return "EF";
 + }
 +}
 +
 +class BestSeller implements Item{
 + public String foo() {
 + System.out.println("BS");
 + return "BS";
 + }
 +}
 +  
 +public aspect example {
 + String around(Object ef) :
 + target(ef) && call(String foo(..)):
 + String proceed(Item){
 + return proceed(new BestSeller(){});
 + }
 + 
 + public static void main(String[] args){
 + EcoFriendly b = new EcoFriendly();
 + b.foo();
 + }
 +}
 +</code>
 +
 +The output is the following:
 +
 +<code>
 +Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: example$1 cannot be cast to EcoFriendly
 + at example.inline$0$around$0(example.java:23)
 + at example.main(example.java:27)
 +</code>
 +
 +When a interface type is used in both sides of type ranges, StrongAspectJ raises a huge traceback exception indicating that there is a polyglot.util.InternalCompileError.  That's why I use Object instead of Item in the advice definition.
 +====== References ======
 +
 +[1] Gilad Bracha, Martin Odersky, David Stoutamire, and Philip Wadler. **GJ Specification** Manuscript, May 1998.
 +
 +[2] B. De Fraine, M. Südholt, and V. Jonckers.  StrongAspectJ: Flexible and Safe Pointcut/Advice Bindings.  //Conf. on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD-2008)//.